Phân biệt các đặc điểm khác nhau giữa chất rắn, chất lỏng

Find an expression for the electric field e⃗ at the center of the semicircle. hint: a small piece of arc length δs spans a small angle δθ=δs /r, where r is the radius. express your answer in terms of the variables q, l, unit vectors i^, j^, and appropriate constants.