given how the quantity work—which has units of energy—was defined, another unit for energy, equivalent to the joule (j), is

The best answer is (a) which is universal law is in effect at all times. it is constantly at play in everything we do and governs our lives. it is also important to note that universal law applies to not only everything on earth, but everything in the universe as well, which is another reason why it is in effect at all times.