Type of argument that begins with a problem with an unknown explanation, forms a theory and tests the theory, is called
(a) hypothetical reasoning.
(b) causal inference.
(c) statistical reasoning.
(d) method of analogy.

The correct answer will be option-A.

Explanation:

The reasoning is a process which involves the use of the existed knowledge to make predictions, construct explanations and dram conclusions.

In the given question, the approach used by the researcher in which problems begins with an argument on the basis of which many hypotheses are formed one of which one is tested and predictive theories are made. The predictive theories are again tested with the experiments. This approach is known as the "hypothetical deductive reasoning. "

Thus, option- A is the correct answer.

the telephone is the answer