College students living off-campus frequently consume large amounts of ramen noodles and boxed macaroni and cheese. when they finish school and start their careers, their consumption of both goods frequently declines. this suggests that ramen noodles and boxed macaroni and cheese are:

substitute goods.

Explanation:

The concept of good substitution is an important subject of the study of microeconomics and allows predictions about price behavior and demand for certain goods. In short, substitute goods may be regarded as competing goods for the same consumer. Let's say there are two goods, good A and good B, and that they are substitutes. This means that the consumer will choose to consume either good A or good B, but never both at the same time. Substitute goods are the exact opposite of complementary goods.

The most common substitute good example is beef and chicken. These goods are so substitutes that a change in the price of one of them tends to influence demand for the other good. Another example is the consumption of ramen noodles and boxed macaroni and cheese, which are often eaten by college students but are abandoned by other products once students finish school and start their careers.

answer:

d. because dr. laguardia selected a widely used measure, his study generalizes to has strong external validity. external validity has limited external validity. other applications of this measure.

the widely used measure that he applied to his experiment was the benton facial recognition test. it employed on to football players and as result, only players who suffered brain concussions did not pas this test. and although it has an external validity, it is limited because it isn't general to apply to other population.