From Exercise 3.5. In the following arguments, determine whether it is valid or invalid and indicate the argument pattern and explain your reasoning process behind your responses:

If the butler didn't kill the master, then the maid did.
The butler didn't kill him.

Therefore the maid killed him.

Either John drove home or he stayed late.
He didn't drive home.

Therefore he stayed late

If South Africans have nuclear weapons, then the South African jungle will be radioactive.
The South African jungle is radioactive.

Therefore the South Africans have nuclear weapons.

If The New York Times comes out in favor of the liberal democrats, they will win the election. But the newspaper will not come out in favor of the liberal democrats, so they will not win.
If ESP (extra sensory perception) were real, psychic predictions would be completely reliable.
Psychic predictions are completely reliable.

Therefore, ESP is real.

If Miley Cyrus keep playing the role of the twisted tart on stage, she will lose all her fans. Well, she has stopped playing that role, so she will not lose all her fans.
If laws could stop crime, there would be no crime.
But there is crime.

Therefore, laws cannot stop crime.

If I perceive what appears to be a red door, then there really is a red door there.
There is a red door there.

Therefore, I perceive what appears to be a red door.

From Exercise 3.9 Diagram the following arguments using the procedure discussed in the text.

I shouldn't take physics this semester. My course load is already too heavy. There's no room for the course in my schedule. And I don't like physics.
If an individual in a coma is no longer a person, then giving him a drug to kill him is not murder. Such an individual is in fact not a person. Therefore, giving him the drug is not murder.
If Marla buys the house in the suburbs, she will be happier and healthier She is buying the house in the suburbs. So she will be happier and healthier.
From the Integrative Exercises. State whether the following examples are deductive or inductive.

If you refuse to surrender, then you will be arrested. You refuse to surrender. Prepare yourself. You will be arrested.
There's an 80 percent chance that the hurricane will veer northward tomorrow and hit Tampa. So Tampa will probably feel the force of the hurricane tomorrow.
Ethel is reckless. She is going to have an accident sooner or later.
Whatever Hillary Clinton says is true. She says the Republicans are weak. So the Republicans are weak.