State Senator Stephanie Demarco is running for governor of the state of Delaware, and a Super PAC is formed to support her election. The Super PAC raises $6 million from corporate donors whose identities are disclosed to the Federal Election Commission. The Super PAC uses the funds to create television, electronic, and print advertisements supporting Demarco and attacking the other candidates. Super PACs are formed to support Demarco's opponents, also funded by corporate donors, and engage in similar campaign tactics. Opponents of Super PACs' roles in campaign fundraising would point to which action in the scenario as evidence of concerns regarding corporate influence upon candidates?

a. The embracing of independent expenditure committees by candidates as a means to accept large amounts of funding
b. The increase in funding for negative attack ads by independent expenditure committees
c. The use of electronic forms of communication by candidates, making it difficult for voters to determine the origin of political advertisements
d. The creation of television ads aired during time slots unaffordable without donations from independent expenditure committees