An engineer decides to use a slightly weaker material rather than a stronger material, since she knows that the stronger material can break suddenly. this is an example of what?

Design for safety.

Explanation:
When a structural material is brittle, it can fail suddenly, while a malleable material fails gradually.
When structural failure could be life threatening, it is prudent to use more of the malleable material rather than the brittle material. Doing so enables the failure mode to be more easily detected and to save lives.

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