Micro hydro installations often obtain an over- all efficiency of 60% or less. this is primarily due to friction within the penstock and associ- ated piping. what can be done to minimize this loss and improve efficiency?

Air is flows through an adiabatic nozzle with an inlet pressure of 400 psia at a temperature of 300°f and a velocity of 20 ft/s. the outlet pressure is 40 psia and the velocity is 800 ftl/s. determine the outlet temperature of the air using: a) property tables b) specific heat (using the specific heat value for air at 300°f)