Which of the following contributed to the rise of the harlem renaissance?

a. the end of ww1
b. the stock market crash 1929
c. the absence of racism in new york
d. the migration of african americans to northern cities

The migration of African Americans to northern cities (D) contributed to the rise of the Harlem Renaissance. It was this Great (Northward) Migration of millions of southern black people into urban areas in the North, starting in 1916, in search of more freedom, less racial tensions, and more working opportunities, that made this fascinating movement possible, together with the transformation of Harlem into the most prominent black capital in the United States.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)