From 1960 to 2010, the number of children in the United States living apart from their fathers . Among couples cohabiting when their first child is born, the odds of their relationship ending during the child's first years are the odds of parental breakup among those married when their first baby is born.

a. decreased; no greater than
b. increased; no greater than
c. decreased; greater than
d. increased; greater than

increased; greater than

Explanation:

During the 1960s, about 11% of the United States children did not live with their fathers and the number increased by 27% in 2010. The Pew Research Center, a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, conducted analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) which revealed that over one-in-four fathers with children of 18 years of age or younger did not live with their children under the same roof.  

Married couples have higher chances of staying together than those that are cohabiting. 75% of cohabiting parents split up before their child reaches age 12, compared to the statistics of married parents which is around 25%.

"social stratification refers to the way people are ranked and ordered in society. in western societies, stratification is primarily seen and understood as a result of socioeconomic status, which produces a hierarchy in which access to resources, and possession of them, increases from the lower to the upper strata"